Ban Ki-Moon's Leadership Style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boycott Ki-Moon's Leadership Style - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, Ban is by all accounts quiet on these issues. He isn't at all asking United States or Israel to stop their slaughters at various pieces of the world. Pundits of Ban accept that he is keeping an expert American substitute his working. Ian William (2010) called attention to that in a discourse conveyed at 22nd Summit Conference of the League of Arab States held in Sirte, Libya on March 27, 2010, â€Å"Ban remarked on issues identified with the circumstance in Gaza and expressed his help for the foundation of a free Palestinian state† (Ban Ki-moon's Soft-Spoken Approach Belies His Straightforward Words, p.20). Despite the fact that Ban censured a portion of the activities of Israel in this discourse, he was quick to utilize just delicate words to reprimand Israel. Truth be told numerous individuals accept that he had no other method to abstain from censuring Israel in this gathering since the gathering was sorted out by Arab states. Then again, researchers, for examp le, Ian Williams accept that Ban is effectively taking care of a portion of the issues required by Israel. He has called attention to that â€Å"Ban Ki-Moon's influence constrained Israel to acknowledge a global actuality discovering investigation into the Gaza flotilla assault†(Ban Ki-moon Engages Israeli Politicians, as Israel Remains Mum on Kosovo Precedent, p.19). Prior, Israel was determined in their methodologies and they never acknowledged the proposals to permit any universal offices to meddle in their issues. They never permitted any worldwide offices to enter Israel’s regions to direct any enquiries. Notwithstanding, Ban was fruitful in convincing Israel to permit an impartial enquiry by a global body about Gaza flotilla attack. Schlesinger (2010) referenced that America sidelined United Nations while managing... This paper manages the significant analysis named against Ban Ki-moon’s authority is that â€Å"he designated his own kin and stepped his own needs on the organization†. At the end of the day, Ban was sharp in selecting those individuals who are supporters of his arrangements. While selecting UN authorities at different pieces of the world or while posting UN harmony keeping powers at various pieces of the world, Ban gave more accentuate to protect his inclinations. â€Å"He attempts to solidify his position a little wonkily through issues, with the world budgetary emergency sharing the highest point of the need list with worldwide warming†. Numerous individuals accept that Ban like to have one more term in UN secretary’s office and for that reason he purposely attempting to pick up help from every significant force. Despite the fact that Ban is deserving admiration from all the significant powers on the planet, he neglected to deserve admiration from a portion of the risky nations. For instance, it is accounted for that â€Å"Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, who is confronting worldwide strain to end a crackdown on hostile to government protestors, isn't taking the U.N. boss' telephone calls†.

Academic Argument Essay Free Essays

Scholastic Argument Essay The Need for Rehabilitation Momm, in the same way as other house of ill-repute young ladies, had gotten dependent on methamphetamines. Frequently the whorehouse proprietors give young ladies meth to keep them agreeable and subordinate. In her town, the hankering had overpowered her, and she was devoured by the need to return to the house of ill-repute and get some meth. We will compose a custom exposition test on Scholarly Argument Essay or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Ladies regular, everywhere throughout the world are being held without wanting to. A considerable lot of these ladies are purchased, sold, and utilized for sex or work. In the book Half the Sky by Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn they center around the avoidance of sex dealing by giving stunning insights and direct records of grim circumstances ladies have experienced (Kristof). Sex dealing is frequently observed as a non-issue since ladies regularly offer agree to the sex in the wake of being required for an extensive stretch of time. Since house of ill-repute proprietors are unforgiving and unsympathetic, ladies are left feeble and vulnerable. Considerably in the wake of being saved from whorehouses, ladies need restoration so as to carry on with a profitable, effective life since they are conditioned and sedated, have no place to go, and obtain no abilities to keep up a typical activity. On the United Nations site, it expresses that individuals take an interest in dealing ladies â€Å"for the reason for exploitation† (United). By misusing ladies on account of sex subjection the ladies are assaulted and conditioned. Ladies periodically decline to engage in sexual relations with customers from the outset, however after persistently being undermined, beaten, and tranquilized, the ladies have no other alternative yet to yield to having intercourse. Following quite a while of this sort of abuse, ladies inevitably become acclimated to the loathsome condition that they are in and frequently don’t even consider it to be a lot of an issue. Now, the house of ill-repute proprietors have prevailing with regards to conditioning the ladies. Ladies being dealt are infrequently blessed enough to be spared. Anyway for the fortunate ones, when saved the ladies see the rescuer as an awful individual for removing them from the existence that gave them food and medications. Anyplace somewhere in the range of 700,000 and 4,000,000 ladies and youngsters are dealt the world over (Sexual). Without recovery, ladies would simply go straight back to the houses of ill-repute since they no longer observe an issue with what they are doing. Individuals on the side of sex dealing view ladies as taking part willfully regardless of the way that they are held without wanting to. By keeping ladies in ehabilitation in the wake of being protected, they have a greatly improved possibility of breaking their illicit drug use, switching the program, and turning out to be taught residents. Not exclusively do dealing casualties need to recoup from the programming and illicit drug use, they likewise need to discover a spot to live. Ladies are frequent ly held for a considerable length of time at once in massage parlors. In the wake of being liberated from an existence of prostitution, they don't have anything and no one to go to for help. This is the place recovery becomes possibly the most important factor. It lets ladies get familiar with regular day to day existence out of the houses of ill-repute and it can assist them with finding a spot to proceed to individuals to support them. In one case, volunteers encouraged Neth and Momm to discover their families that they had not seen in more than five years (Kristof). Without these volunteers and this kind of restoration, these two ladies would have had an extremely remote possibility of making it out of the seedy area of town. House of ill-repute proprietors may imagine that they are doing these ladies an assistance by giving a spot to live to them, at the end of the day the ladies could do that for themselves in the event that they had the capacity to make and salary. Notwithstanding discovering ladies a spot to pursue the assault, it is imperative that these casualties are allowed to be instructed. With instruction comes opportunity. Disputably the hardest piece of battling drug dealing is to recoup the ladies and give them a real existence after the battles of being undermined. With instruction comes aptitudes for employments, information on what befell them, and the capacity to assist with others experiencing a similar circumstance. Training in underdeveloped nations is regularly a test for families since they don’t have the cash or assets to send their youngsters to class. Notwithstanding, if a lady is instructed, it diminishes her opportunity of living in destitution and being dealt (Kristof 167-170). Albeit some may think the expense of training exceeds its advantages, it offers chances to progress in the public arena. As volunteers help ladies in getting away from the brutalities of sex bondage, review that the arrangement isn't just taking them from the wellspring of the issue. Recovery is likewise imperative for the women’s achievement since it treats them for being conditioned and dependent on drugs, gives them a spot to live, and gives genuinely necessary instruction. Dealers themselves may believe that recovery isn't essential, yet that is for their own monetary profit. So let’s give our help inside and out to help stop the cool realty of sex dealing and the negative side effects if brings to the ladies in question. The answer for closure dealing exists in every one of us. Works Cited Kristof, Nicholas D. , and Sheryl WuDunn. A large portion of the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. Print. â€Å"Sexual Trafficking Facts. † The Facts. Activity Against Sexual Trafficking. Web. 01 June 2012. â€Å"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. † What Is Human Trafficking? Joined Nations. Web. 31 May 2012. Instructions to refer to Academic Argument Essay, Essay models

Duluth

Duluth Duluth d?lo?oth ´ [key], city (1990 pop. 85,493), seat of St. Louis co., NE Minn., at the west end of Lake Superior, at the head of lake navigation and opposite Superior, Wis.; inc. 1870. It is a commercial, industrial, and cultural center of N Minnesota, as well as a major port on the Great Lakes, a convention headquarters, and the gateway to a resort region. Large amounts of grain, iron ore (especially taconite), oil, and bulk cargo are shipped on lake freighters and ocean vessels. The diverse industries include fish processing and grain elevator services, and the manufacture of steel, concrete, piping, chemical lime, paper, and hand tools. Tourism is important, and the military air-defense installation at Duluth International Airport is valuable to the economy. Native American settlements were found there in the 1670s by the early explorers and fur traders, including the sieur Duluth (for whom the city was named). Permanent settlement began c.1852. Built largely on rocky bluff s overlooking the lake, the city was at first a trade and shipping center for the timber country. Discovery of iron (1865) in the Mesabi range made it the chief ore-shipping point for the nation's steel mills. With the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway (1959), it became one of the leading ports on the Great Lakes for the export of grain. Duluth is the seat of the College of St. Scholastica, the Duluth Institute of Technology, and a branch of the Univ. of Minnesota. It has a symphony orchestra, a community theater, and various museums. Of interest are the huge Aerial Lift Bridge, linking the city to 7 mi (11.3 km) of sand beach on Park Point; the Skyline Blvd., winding high above the city for 15 mi (24 km); and Leif Erikson Park. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

100 Spanish Words You Should Know

Obviously, youre not going to be able to say everything you want to say with only 100 Spanish words — although you could do surprisingly well with fewer than 1,000. But if you can learn these 100 words and understand how theyre used, youll be a long way toward being able to communicate freely in Spanish. Definitions below are for quick reference; all the words can be translated in additional ways. Top 100 Spanish Words 1. gracias (thanks)2. ser (be)3. a (to)4. ir (to go)5. estar (to be)6. bueno (good)7. de (of, from)8. su (your, her, his, their)9. hacer (to do, to make)10. amigo (friend)11. por favor (please)12. no (no)13. en (on, in)14. haber (to have as an auxiliary verb)15. tener (to have, to possess)16. un, uno, una (a, one)17. ahora (now)18. y (and)19. que, quà © (that, what)20. por (for, by)21. amar (to love)22. quià ©n (who)23. para (for, to)24. venir (to come)25. porque (because)26. el, la, los, las (the)27. antes (before)28. mà ¡s (more)29. bien (well as an adverb)30. aquà ­, allà ­ (here, there)31. querer (to want, to love)32. hola (hello)33. tà º (you)34. poder (to be able)35. gustar (to be pleasing)36. poner (to put)37. casi (almost)38. saber (to know)39. como (like, as)40. donde (where)41. dar (to give)42. pero (but)43. se (itself, herself, himself, themselves)44. mucho (much)45. nuevo (new)46. cuando (when)47. chico, chica (boy, girl)48. entender (to understand)49. si (if)50.  o (or)51. feliz (happy)52. todo (all, every)53. mismo (same)54. muy (very)55. nunca (never)56. yo, me (I, me)57. sà ­ (yes)58. grande, gran  (big, great)59. deber (to owe, should)60. usted (you)61. bajo (low, under)62. otro (other)63. salir (to leave)64. hora (hour; see also lesson on telling time)65. desde (from)66. ver (to see)67. malo, mal (bad)68. pensar (to think)69. hasta (until)70. tanto, tan (used in making comparisons)71. entre (between, among)72. durante (during)73. llevar (to wear, to carry)74. siempre (always)75. empezar (to begin)76. à ©l, ella, ellos, ellas (he, she, they)77. leer (to read)78. cosa (thing)79. sacar (to take out, to remove)80. conocer (to know)81. primero (first)82. andar (to walk)83. sobre (over, about)84. echar (to throw)85. sin (without)86. decir (to say)87. trabajar (to work)88. nosotros (we, us)89. tambià ©n (also)90. adià ³s (goodbye)91. comer (to eat)92. triste (sad)93. paà ­s (country)94. escuchar (to listen, to listen to)95. hombre (man )96. mujer (woman)97. le (indirect-object pronoun)98. creer (to believe, to think)99. encontrar (to find)100. beber (to drink) And a Few More Here are some other words that very well could have made the list: 101. hablar (to speak)102. ese, esa (demonstrative that; also see the demonstrative pronouns)103. baà ±o (bathroom)104. despuà ©s (afterwards, later)105. gente (people)106. ciudad (city)106. sentir (to feel)107. llegar (to arrive)108. pequeà ±o (small)109. escribir (to write)110. aà ±o (year)111. menos (minus, except)112. lo (various uses)113. cual (that, which)114. este, esta (this)115. dejar (to leave)116. parte (part)117. nada (nothing)118.  cada (each)119. seguir (to continue, to follow)120. partir (to divide)121. ya (still, already)122. parecer (to seem)

Influence of Multiculturalism on Students Essay - 529 Words

There are layers to multiculturalism and its influence on psychological functioning and development of students in the classroom. These layers are made of constructs, helping to define contributing factors, highlight perspectives and better illustrate a continuum of acceptance. Contributing factors to our diverse population are Americanization, assimilation, nativism, and xenophobia. In Human Differences, Kent Koppleman states Americanization â€Å"†¦encourages immigrants to abandon their heritage and conform to American ways† (Koppelman, 2011). Assimilation, adopting other’s traits (Koppelman, 2011), can be unfavorable if multicultural perspectives are not introduced in curriculum to help further inform. Assimilation and Americanization can†¦show more content†¦Relativism can then be attained, as students become more open to the possibility of no absolute (Koppelman, 2011). Culturally aware students can move up a continuum of acceptance. Tolerance is me t when students are aware of differences and minimalization can then be realized by emphasizing human qualities verses origins (Koppelman, 2011). Last, students can become â€Å"understanding†, accepting differences without judgment (Koppelman, 2011). As educators we need proactive curriculum, so students gain better insight into the world around them. Ignoring diversity is harmful to learning and to students’ attitudes. Human diversity is advantageous when valued by those around them. Experiences are vital to understanding different perspectives. Creating a safe school environment is crucial so that educators can connect school expectations to home perspectives. Educator’s experiences can help schools become receptive to different perspectives, communicate these differences and expectations to colleagues and parents, and relate to multiple perspectives during conflict. Students come with different ways of knowing and viewing life. Students must be educated to d ifferent perspectives and as Joel Spring states, â€Å"†¦learn to be bicultural† (Spring, 2010). Educators’ understandings and experiences help facilitate fusion of mixed cultures. Knowledge of personal space and howShow MoreRelatedAn Evaluation of the Concept of Multiculturalism and Its Influence on Curriculum Development1147 Words   |  5 Pagesevaluating the concept of multiculturalism and its influence in the curriculum development with a special focus in Atlanta, Georgia high schools Introduction The concept of multiculturalism has been indicated by Taylor (1992) to present several challenges to the American society. In this paper we present an analysis and the outcome of a field based activity on the Atlanta public school on the issue of multiculturalism, its future trend and data projection on minority students. Statement of Problem   Read MoreMulticulturalism Should Not Be Accepted1665 Words   |  7 PagesMulticulturalism can be defined as the promotion of the mixture of different cultural, religious and linguistic group which include the idea of equal respect toward differences and acceptance of the contribution of immigrants to a country (Zanca, 2015). It has been considered as a controversial topic which has been debated from the middle of the 20th century especially in European countries and in Australia. In discussing to what extent should cultural differences be accepted in a multicultural societyRead MoreThe Integration Of Chinese International Students1350 Words   |  6 PagesThe Integration of Chinese International Students in Australian Multicultural Society Australia is a multicultural and multiracial country. 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We must teach the importance of understandin g religionRead MoreDiversity Considerations Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity Considerations Introduction This paper will analyze the influence of culture on attitudes, values, perception, human behavior, and interpersonal relations. The discriminatory factors that promote societal, political, socioeconomic, and spiritual oppression of culturally diverse populations will be described within this paper. Racial and cultural diversity within non-native English-speaking communities will be examined. Furthermore, this paper will also analyze how current researchRead MoreSociology Of Sports And Society1081 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom the previous paragraph 5 Barriers 5 â€Æ' Introduction Sociology in Sport Sociology of sports, also referred to as sports sociology, is the study of the relationship between sports and society. It examines how culture and values influence sports, how sports influences culture and values, and the relationship between sports and media, politics, economics, religion, race, gender, youth, etc. (Crossman, 2015). It also looks at the relationship between sports and social inequality and social mobilityRead MoreMulticulturalism Is Truly A Weapon Ran By Political Aspects Of Multicultural Education1540 Words   |  7 PagesMulticulturalism Multiculturalism is defined in itself as it relates to a society made up of different ethnic backgrounds accepting all regardless of their race, the language they speak, their religion, and their believes. There are many faces of multiculturalism as it can refer to â€Å"A demographic fact, a particular set of philosophical ideas, or a specific orientation by government or institutions toward a diverse population.† (Bloemraad, 2011) Multiculturalism is truly a weapon ran by politicalRead MoreDeveloping A Graduate Course On Clinical Supervision Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagessubject. Therefore, it was important for me to start the course with an overview of clinical supervision and its research. From there, I included specific areas of supervision that align with Saybrook’s mission. Examples of those areas are ethics, multiculturalism, and the humanistic approach to supervision. In reviewing literature on clinical supervision, I was exposed to various approaches (see Bernard Goodyear, 2014). Although, contents of literature did not greatly surprise me, they were very helpfulRead MoreMulticulturalism And Polyculturalism From The Novel I Hotel Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I am going to examine examples of multiculturalism and polyculturalism from the novel â€Å"I Hotel† by Karen Tei Yamashita. For the examples I choose I am going to explain why and how these are examples of multiculturalism or polyculturalism. Also, I am goint to explain how the novel presents a new form of identification and how the examples of polyculturalism are related to such a new form of identification. I Hotel: A Novel, consists of ten novellas. Each novella introduces interestingRead MoreGlobal Social Studies Attempts to Think Globally and Act Locally1036 Words   |  5 Pagesof these statements by exploring the question; how does the Global Studies curri culum at Wilfrid Laurier University reproduce colonial discourses? This subject is important to investigate as our own socio-economic and academic backgrounds may influence how one teaches a Global Studies course and inadvertently reproduce colonial attitudes on knowledge. To properly understand and study the world and its relationships we must be aware of how colonial discourses are reproduced in education. I will

The Renaissance and Moliere Free Essays

The French word â€Å"renaissance† is equivalent to â€Å"rebirth† in English. The time period named for this term was indeed a rebirth of the creativity and human spirit lost with the classical age. Most importantly, the Renaissance was a revival of an interest to learn. We will write a custom essay sample on The Renaissance and Moliere or any similar topic only for you Order Now In many ways, it is the opposite of the preceding Middle Ages. Their world revolved around the Roman Catholic Church; belief in god dictated every aspect of life. On the contrary, the Renaissance was secular and emphasized the predominance of individuality and human values, known as humanism. However GUID or dark the Middle Ages may seem, they were essential for setting the stage for the Renaissance. In 1095, Pope Urban II launched what he called a â€Å"holy war. † This war, issued to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims, occurred from 1095 to 1099 and became known as the First Crusade. The Second Crusade began in 1144 with hopes of recapturing the City of Odessa, and it ended in 1149 without having accomplished what it was intended for. The third and final crusade (1189-1192) was organized to take Jerusalem back from the Muslim leader, Salad, also failing to accomplish its original goal. However, there is a reason the Crusades are recognized as â€Å"history most successful failure – † The impacts of these religious wars were as influential as it gets. Women had opportunities to manage affairs with the men away at war. The ships that transported crusaders were used by merchants to bring back goods such as tea, coffee, sugar, spices, crops, and silk. Europeans saw these as exotic, which stimulated an interest in trade, especially between Europe and Southwest Asia. This increased trade was one of the most prominent attributes of the High Middle Ages. It was also vital for paving the way for the Renaissance. With expanding trade came prosperity for Europe, specifically Italy, along with new trading cities. The fast growth of such business is labeled as the Commercial Revolution. The revolution enabled European towns to grow, and guilds (worker unions) to develop. When serfs recognized opportunity in trade, they abandoned their lords, and a middle class developed. Together, these factors broke down Feudalism The surge of trade and commerce in the High Middle Ages led to a widespread increase in knowledge. Literature became more accessible, and was written in vernacular – native language, as opposed to Latin. This made it so that a wider variety of people could become literate. Before, only the wealthy could read and write. Universities were established, and the curriculum covered arithmetic, grammar, music, and drama. The High Middle Ages was the peak of the Medieval Era. However, the late Middle Ages seemed to be comprised of disaster and turmoil. Pope Boniface VIII and King Phillip IV of France collided, leading to the Great Schism. By the time this split in the church ceased with the election of Martin V in 1417, the papacy had already been greatly weakened. The bubonic plague hit Europe hard, leading to the death of 25 lion of its people. The prayers of the Church failed to stop the plague, which further lowered its prestige. The Black Death ripped apart the fabric of society. However grim the Plague was, it certainly lent itself to the development of the Renaissance. The late Middle Ages were a terrifying time to be alive, and the survivors wanted to celebrate human spirit and individuality. This newfound outlook on life led to a surge in the arts that lasted from about 1300 to 1600 – the Renaissance. The people of Italy originally hoped to reawaken the culture of Classical Rome and Greece, however in the process they discovered new styles of art and iterate, along with new values such as humanism. This time period originated in Italy due to its prosperous cities and merchant class, but soon the rest of Europe was under its influence. Merchants saw the best opportunities lay in the field of the arts, and they soon flourished. The arts also became less secular, drama in particular. Religious plays saw their demise when interludes led to the rebirth of theater. Moldier dean Baptists Opaquely) was a French playwright, actor, and director. Born on January 15 1622, he dedicated himself entirely to the theater until his tragic death in 1673. He composed 12 of the most lasting comedies in history, and rose to fame with the publication of his first play, The Precious Maidens Ridiculed (1659). He was known as the most popular comic playwright of his time. His comedy was secular, and the clergy even believed that some of his plays were intended as attacks at the church. They went so far as to ban one of his works. The last of his pieces was The Imaginary Invalid (1673), which he wrote while ill from a lung condition. After the fourth performance of this play, Moldier collapsed on stage, coughing up blood, while playing the lead role, Organ, and died later that day. As in much of Molder’s work, The Imaginary Invalid (Lee Malady imaginary) showcases a good amount of Comedic delegate themes and techniques, such as stock characters – the three most pronounced of these figures were the servant, master, and inamorata (lovers). The play is a satire of the medical field, as the lead, Organ, is a classic hypochondriac. His daughter Angelical is an Inamorata (a lover), her partner being the man she wishes to marry. Organ has plans for her to marry a doctor, seeing as he’s â€Å"ill† and a doctor in the family would benefit himself. Their maid Continent is the equivalent of a Comedic servant. The Imaginary Invalid showcases certain ideals of the Renaissance, such as the importance of each individual, and that the greatest part of being human is the humans free will to choose. Angelical comes to her father expecting to have his blessing in her marrying the man of her dreams. Organ seems to be more than willing to consent, even satisfied with what he has heard of the man, until they gather that they are not talking about the same person. Before the Renaissance, there was no compromise – the only word that mattered was the father’s. The plays controversial comedy also reflected values of the Renaissance. It as a source of entertainment produced for people’s enjoyment regardless of the Church’s disapproval. While contrasting to the celebrated Renaissance, the Middle Ages were essential for setting the stage for the remarkable era. The Renaissance remains an impressive time period, considering the immense growth of human knowledge and achievements. The arts held a position of utmost importance, and they allowed people to express themselves in many ways. This feeds directly into the number one new value of the time: humanism. Without the arts, there would have been no Renaissance, and in turn, life today would be strikingly different. Works Cited Beck, Roger B. How to cite The Renaissance and Moliere, Papers

Prison overcrowding free essay sample

Prison Overcrowding in California Alarming issues that causes society to stir up continue to expand every day. Some of these issuesinclude the educational system, existing healthcare laws, unemployment and economic matters,and the water crisis†¦ all of which are major problems in California. One major problem, however, is often ignored. Over the past two to three decades, California’s prison population has grown by 750 percent (â€Å"California’s Continuing Prison Crisis†). As this percentage continues to increase, inmates are suffering in prison cells, officials are negotiating over the issue, and the public is protesting to make their opinions count. The prison crisis has continued to expand over the years, causing a great uproar among all of California’s thirty-two state prisons. Prison overcrowding has been an increasingly vital issue since the mid-1970s. Due to many different factors that directly relate to imprisonment such as increased punishment for crimes, carefully monitored drug laws, new criminal offenses, and a high recidivism rate, a large amount of inmates have been deprived of proper treatment while other ill mannered behavior has broken out within the prisons. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison overcrowding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A few main causes of overcrowding include an increase in returning customers and the effects of the â€Å"Three Strikes and You’re Out† law. These two factors play the greatest role in overcrowding as the numbers of inmates continue to double and then triple over the years. Overcrowding prison systems in California has affected its inmates to an unimaginable extent. Some targeted issues that have occurred due to overcrowding include health and safety risks within the prisons, an increase of violence and transmission of infectious illnesses, riots breaking out in some local cities, hunger strikes involving tens of thousands of inmates, and a decrease in opportunities for self-improvement and rehabilitative programs. Prison overcrowding in California is an urgent and imperative issue that must be taken care of immediately before it grows out of the people’s reach. After years of controversy and a timeline of events over the decades-long saga, people are able to understand how much the growth of imprisonment has increased over the years. In September 1995, California’s mental health programs were placed under special control after a federal judge criticized state officials of improper psychiatric healthcare for inmates. Seven years later, in January 2002, another class-action law suit regarding inadequate medical care in prisons is addressed and settled. During this time, California agreed to overhaul its healthcare programs by 2008. In July 2005, a federal judge declared control of the state prison healthcare system. By August 2009, a three-judge panel ordered for prisons to be at a 137. 5% capacity. In order to follow constitutional standards, 43,000 inmates must be released within the next two years. In May 2011, an additional 33,000 inmates must be released from the prisons. Officials began sending nonviolent offenders to county jails rather than state prisons in order to reduce overcrowding. This realignment process did not reduce the prison population enough by January 2013, and overcrowding was still a vital issue. In this time period, Governor Jerry Brown declared that the prison crisis is over and called for a return to state controls. By June 2013, federal judges were still not satisfied with Brown’s perspective on the prison issue, and ordered for an additional 9,600 inmates to be removed by the end of 2013. Two months later, in August 2013, Brown appealed the order to the U. S. Supreme Court and announced a plan to house inmates in private prisons and other facilities (Megerian). Prison overcrowding in California has become an increasingly alarming issue because the numbers continue to grow over the years. In a graph reported by the U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, the annual percent change in state prison populations shows an increase of either 1%, 2%, or 3% from the year 2000 to 2008. California and Texas, reported as two of the largest crime states, contribute to these statistics (Sauter). Also reported by the U. S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, the U. S. houses more inmates than the top thirty-five European countries combined. The overcrowded prison crisis in California is in need of immediate attention as its conditions continue to worsen. Hundreds of inmates are crammed into a gymnasium room, unsanitary conditions exist throughout the prisons, human rights are neglected, and hunger strikes have broken out (UN Torture). Don Specter, a long time defense lawyer who has spent years petitioning the state, reported to The Los Angeles Times, â€Å"Prisoners are getting injured and dying because of poor care. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation has never taken its obligation to provide basic healthcare seriously† (UN Torture). Not only has overcrowded prisons affected inmates and their family, but prison officials, state officials, federal judges, and the public are affected as well. Some main causes of prison overcrowding in California include a high recidivism rate, the â€Å"Three Strikes and You’re Out† law, new criminal offenses added to the penal code, and strict drug policies. Recidivism, reported as the number one reason for overcrowded prisons, release inmates, allow them to return home, and then welcome them back into prison after they have committed new crimes or violated parole rules. The Pew Research Center, an American think tank that provides information directly related to social issues, public opinions, and demographic trends shaping the U. S. , reported that California has the second highest rate of recidivism in the country. Nearly fifty-eight percent of the states offenders are sent back to prison within three years of their release, according to the Pew Center (McDonald). Another main reason of prison overcrowding is the â€Å"Three Strikes and You’re Out† Law, passed in 1994. The Three Strikes Law imposed a life sentence for almost any crime, no matter how minor, if the defendant had committed two serious or violent crimes beforehand. This new law created by the California Penal Code plays a major factor in prison overcrowding as the numbers of inmates continue to grow due to multiple crimes. According to students that had taken part in Three Strikes Project at Stanford Law School, â€Å"Statistics from the California Department of Corrections show that the law disproportionately affects minority populations. Over 45 percent of inmates serving life sentences under the Three Strikes law are African American. The Three Strikes law is also applied disproportionately against mentally ill and physically disabled defendants† (Stanford Three Strikes Project). Lastly, the â€Å"War on Drugs,† a set of drug policies that are intended to discourage the production, distribution, and consumption on drugs, has been sending nonviolent offenders to prisons for minimal drug crimes. The number of offenders in prison due to drug crimes has skyrocketed since the past few decades. Effects of prison overcrowding include health and safety risks, increase of violence within the prisons, inappropriate riots and behavior, hunger strikes, and a decrease in opportunities for self-improvement. Donald Spector, director of Prison Law Office of Berkeley, California, reported that there is substantial risk to the health and safety of workers inside the prisons (Spector). In order to express their anger toward long term, solitary confinement, inmates have gathered into groups to perform uncontrolled riots and peaceful hunger strikes. Last January, California Governor Jerry Brown declared that the prison crisis was over, but the issue has only deepened with hunger strikes. As the hunger strike against solitary confinement in California prisons enters a critical sixth week, Governor Jerry Brown is preparing to force-feed scores of inmates rather than meet any of their demands for improved conditions. Due to overcrowding and lack of space and freedom within the prisons, inmates are unable to participate in self-improvement and rehabilitative programs. Some solutions can be offered to fix this overcrowding issue. For instance, sentences for drug offense should be cut down. There are 219,000 inmates in the federal prisons system compared with 25,000 in 1980, and about half are there for drug offense (Spector). Another solution is that more prisoners can reduce their sentences through credit for good behavior. Criminals are sent to prisons to be punished for their crimes, serve their sentences, as well as enter a process of self-improvement. With self-improvement, they should be able to ear good credit and reduce their sentences. Elderly prisoners should also be released. According to a study from the Bureau of Prisons custody, after the age of 55, people who are released from prison are highly unlikely to commit new crimes (Spector). Other ideas to reduce overcrowding within California’s prisons include promoting participation in rehabilitation programs and creating opportunities for exercise, sports, cultural and religious activities. In addition, alternatives can be considered such as community based punishments rather than prison for non-dangerous offenders. Although many solutions are offered to reduce the prison crisis, a few obstacles stand in the way. A few main obstacles that stand in the way of solving this issue are time, money, and controversy among officials. For Fiscal Year 2013-2014, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) was allocated a total of $8,961,368,000. As the numbers of prisoners continue to increase over the years, the state cannot afford to fix this issue in time. As time passes, inmates continue to double, and then triple. In addition, federal judges and state officials are involved in a constitutional crisis, as the two sides disagree over the prison issue and how it should be solved. Overcrowding is a vital issue in California that must be addressed immediately. Toavoid it by any means, people should avoid going to prison.